banco (ban'-co). A term applied in Texas to the part of a stream channel or floodplain cut off and left dry by a change in the stream course; an oxbow lake. Etymol: Spanish, "sandbank, shoal, bench".

character [seis] . A recognizable aspect of a sequence of seismic events (or waveforms) that distinguishes it from others. It is usually a frequency or phasing effect, and is often not defined precisely and hence is dependent on subjective judgment.

waste mantle . Disintegrated and decomposed rock material that overlies bedrock.

youth [streams] . The first stage in the hypothetical development of a stream, at which it has just entered upon its work of erosion and is increasing in vigor and efficiency, being able everywhere to erode its channel and having not reached a graded condition. It is characterized by (1) an ability to carry a load greater than the load it is actually carrying; (2) active and rapid downcutting, forming a deep, narrow, V-shaped valley (gorge or canyon) with a steep and irregular gradient and rocky outcrops; (3) numerous waterfalls, rapids, and lakes; (4) a swift current and clear water; (5) a few short, straight tributaries; (6) an absence of floodplains as the stream occupies all or nearly all of the valley floor; and (7) an ungraded bed.